نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 134، امرداد و شهریور 1398)

The use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in food supplements and proper exercise can have a positive effect on decreasing oxidative stress by free radical hunting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of l-carnitine on some of the oxidative stress factors in diabetic kidney.
 

In the present experimental study, 45 male Wistar rats(200-300 gr) were randomly divided into six groups: 1) sham group, 2) healthy control group 3) diabetic control group, 4) diabetic group receiving l-carnitine, 5) diabetic group of aerobic training, 6) diabetic group of aerobic training and receiving l-carnitine. Rats were diabetic peritoneal injected with nicotinic amide and a single dose of STZ of 55 mg / kg body weight. Rats in the L-carnitine group received daily of 100 mg of l-carnitine orally. The aerobic exercise protocol included five sessions per week on the treadmill. Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at P <0.05.
 

Six weeks of aerobic exercise, supplementation of  l-carnitine and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine do not have a significant effect on MDA and SOD  factors of kidney  tissue in diabetic rats(p>0.05). However, six weeks of aerobic exercise had a significant effect on GPX factor in kidney tissue in diabetic rats (p=0.003). Moreover, supplementation   and combined intervention of aerobic exercise and supplementation of l-carnitine did not have a significant effect on GPX factor of kidney tissue in diabetic rats (p>0.05)
 

L-carnitine supplementation intake with regular exercise can have beneficial effects on the body, antioxidant defense system and decreases oxidative stress in rats with type 2 diabetes.

one of the most common and disruptive symptoms experienced by cancer survivors is cancer related fatigue. This symptom can continue many years after cancer diagnosis, leading to reduced performance, quality of life, and significant socioeconomic outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cancer-related fatigue in patients with breast and colorectal cancer who participated in the MBSR training program.

In the present clinical trial study, the statistical society included all patients with breast and colorectal cancer referred to Shahid Motahari Clinic and Amir Oncology Hospital (Shiraz, 2017-2018). 38 participants were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to either experimental(n=19) or control(n=19) groups. The groups responded to the cancer related fatigue scale in pre-test and post-test. The results were analyzed using multivariate covariance (MANCOVA) analysis.

the results of data analysis indicated that mindfulness-based stress reduction significantly decreased the mean scores of the fatigue subscales: Physical (F=141.49, p<0.0001), cognitive (F=66/23, p<0/0001), emotional (F= 58.44, P<0.0001), and overall fatigue score (F=5.66, P= 0.023) in the experimental group. That is, there was a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the mean of all dimensions of cancer related fatigue scale.

This study provided evidence that MBSR was effective in treating cancer-related fatigue in patients with colorectal and breast cancer. Therefor MBSR could be used as an effective intervention in medical centers and hospitals.

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that causes metabolic disturbances in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Dandelion on blood glucose, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol in diabetic rats was examined.

In the present experimental study conducted in the winter of 2001, thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, diabetic and diabetic treated with hydroalcoholic extract of Dandelion (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Injections were intraperitoneally (I.P). After thirty days, the blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL was measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests.

In the treatment groups at doses of 200, 100, 50 mg / kg, the extract of clover leaves significantly decreased the amount of clogs(p <0.01). Also LDL. VLDL and total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in the extract-treated groups compared to the diabetic control group  (p<0.01).

Hydroalcoholic extract of Mulberry leaves improves the undesirable changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol, which may be of interest in reducing cardiovascular complications due to diabetes mellitus, as high doses of triglycerides by unmanageable extract Significantly decreased, therefore the synthesis of VLDL should be expected to decrease.

Glycyrrhizin is one of the most important pharmacological compounds of the Licorice plant which has anti-inflammatory properties. Ethanol is one of the most damaging substances in the brain, Increasing use of this substance has increases the amount of nerve damage. Therefore the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glycyrrhizin on ethanol-damaged B92 glial cells.

Methods

The present experimental study was performed in 2018. B92 cells were obtained from the Pasteur institute cell bank of Iran, (1×106 cell/ml) were transferred to 96 plates and incubated with various glycyrrhizin concentration (5, 10 and 25 µM) for 24 hours. At that point, the cells were exposed to absolute ethanol for 80 minutes at concentrations of 86 mM. Finally, the viability of the cells was evaluated with neutral red (NR) uptake and MTT tests.

Glycyrrhizin reduced the level of the cell membrane and mitochondrial damages induced by ethanol in a dose-dependent manner, so that 10 and 25 µM concentration of glycyrrhizin reduced the membrane damage and the mitochondrial performance damage, significantly. Nevertheless, Glycyrrhizin at concentration of 5 µM didn’t show any protective role so that at this concentration the growth and proliferation of cells reduced.

The results of the present study indicated that licorice extract (glycyrrhizin) had a positive effect on survival rate of the cells and improves the vital capabilities of ethanol-damaged glial cells. Hence, glycyrrhizin dose dependently can protect the B92 cells against ethanol-induced damage.

Esophageal cancer is the eighth common cancer worldwide. In recent years, the improvement in surgical procedures and pre and postoperative care has reduced its incapacity and mortality rates in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to investigate the early outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted to the intensive care unit of Urmia Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2011-2017.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in the intensive care unit of Imam Urmia Hospital during a 7-year period (2011-2012). , Type of surgery, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay in intensive care unit, mortality were extracted. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square test

The mean length of admission in the ICU among patients with SCC esophageal cancer was 8.46 ± 5.86 days and among adenocarcinoma patients was 6.74 ± 3. 59 days (P = 0.001). The mean length of hospitalization among patients with SCC esophageal cancer was 13.19 ± 6.4 and was 12.02 ± 6. 02 days, respectively (P = 0.04). Mean duration of mechanical ventilation among patients with SCC esophageal cancer was 5.58 ± 5.31 days and 4.69 ± 2.91 days among patients with adenocarcinoma. (P=0.001). Of 481 patients with esophageal cancer, 375 (78) discharged and 106 (22%) died.

The results of the present study confirm the limited results of limited studies on the outcome and characteristics of patients with operated esophageal cancer admitted in ICU.

Caring is a science that encompasses human beings, reflecting experiences and phenomena in caring including: art and humanity. Humanity in the interpersonal interactions of the heart and the spirit of care and is an opportunity care for humanity to emerge and grow.  The purpose of this study was to determine the human care needs of burn victims.

This is a qualitative study in which purposeful sampling with maximum diversity was used. Data were collected through 18 unstructured in-depth interviews with second-degree burn patients admitted to Taleghani burn hospital in Ahvaz using purposive sampling method. In the research they answered. The collected data were analyzed using conventional content analysis approach by Elo and Kingas method.

From the interviews, 564 initial codes were obtained. These codes were subdivided into 10 subcategories, four main categories and one theme in the analysis process. The main categories included the need for appropriate communication, accountability in care, care in new ways, observance of sexuality in care, and the theme of human care.

Using extracted classes, it can be said that patients, as a human being, have the right to receive care in their own blood, and measures should be taken by the stakeholders to provide human care to those suffering from burns.

One of the problems encountered in the treatment of infectious diseases today is the presence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, the discovery of new sources for the production of biologically active compounds with antimicrobial properties can serve enormously in the treatment of infectious diseases and in the reduction of resistant multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate antimicrobial metabolites produced by salt-loving actinomycetes isolated from Aran, Bidgol and Maharloo lakes.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in1396 and 51 halophilic actinomyces were isolated from 115 sediment and water samples of Aran Bidgol and Maharloo Lakes. All isolates subjected to antimicrobial metabolite activity assay.To isolate antimicrobial metabolites producing Actinomyces, culture supernatant of 51 halophilic Actinnomyces isolates were assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger using Well Diffusion Agar (WDA) method. Then the promising strains were athenticated 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Optimization of antimicrobial metabolite production was carried out by different temperatures, pHs, carbon nitrogen sources and the best phase of metabolite production and solvent for purification was dtertermined. Finally, possible structure of bioactive compounds was determined using UV-visible and mass spectrometry methods.

Out of 51strains of halophilic Actinomyces isolates, three strains indicated potent activity for the production of antimicrobial metabolites. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were sensitive to all and E. coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistance to the bioactive compounds. Molecular identification of the antimicrobial metabolites producing strains recognized them as Streptomyces sp. Ahbb4, Streptomyces flavidofuscus strain HBUM1740 and Actinomycete Nd28. Optimal temperature and pH were 27°C, 8 respectively and the best C and N-sources were fructose, xylose and yeast extract and peptone. In addition, the best solvents for all bioactive compounds were methanol and xylene. The results obtained from UV-visible and GC mass spectrometry assay suggested the peptide nature of all compounds with chloroacetate, ethylcholoroacetate and 4 chloro 3 hydroxybutyronitrite groups.

According to the findings of the present study, new antimicrobial metabolites are produced by salt-loving actinomycetes, which require in vivo tests to be used for the treatment of infections, which should be included in other research.

Psychological capital and social well-being are two psychosocial variables that can affect couples' relationships. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of social welfare in the relationship between psychological capital and marital intimacy of married students.

This study was a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of married male and female students of universities of Gachsaran city who were studying in 2017-2018. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, 398 people were selected as available sample. Marital intimacy, subjective well-being, and psychological capital were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using path analysis.

The findings of this study showed that the psychological capital and its components(self-efficacy and hope) on the main causative variable of intimacy had a positive and direct effect. The total score of psychological capital and one of its components (self-efficacy) had a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable of social welfare. Correspondingly, the direct effect of social welfare on intimacy (t = 8.9) was significant at 0.01 level. 29.9 The variance of intimacy was explained through the components of psychological capital (self-efficacy and hope) and social well-being. In general, the effect of psychological capital through social welfare intermediation was significant on marital affiliativity.

The research model, which is in line with other studies, had a mediating role for social welfare among the marital students in terms of psychological capital and marital intimacy. So that psychological capital could indirectly influence marital intimacy by increasing social well-being

Mental workload and job stress are important factors which can threaten the health and compatibility of employees in every organization and cause problems and work accidents. The aimed of this studding was effect of mental workload on job stress in healthcare workers.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 158 healthcare workers from different sectors including hospital and urban/rural health centers and rural health centers in 2017. The data collection tools were NASA mental Task Load Index and HSE job stress questionnaires. Data analysis conducted via descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient, KrusKal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests.

The Mean and standard deviation of Mental workload and job stress was 70.04(15.22) and 3.35(0.46), respectively. There was no significant relationship between mental workload and job stress score (r=0.131, P=0.080) There was a significant relationship between the elements of demand and connection (p<0.05). Furthermore, the workload and job stress level were not significantly different in employees of different sectors (P>0.05).

Regarding to the results of e study, implementation of some interventions in order to reduce mental workload and stress such as increasing the number of employees, proper dividing of tasks, and use some solutions like job enrichment in different parts of healthcare system in recommended.

Liver disease is one of the major problems in human societies today. Effective drug treatment for these disorders is of interest to researchers and physicians worldwide due to their polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds, they have high antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the hepatoprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 

In this experimental study, 40 Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight. One group was treated as control and the other four groups were induced by hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride. Of these four groups, one group received orally 400 mg / kg, 800 mg / kg / day of rat powder in the other three groups, respectively. 45 days after study in all groups, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes, as well as serum total protein, albumin, and bilirubin concentrations were measured using aqueous acid test and data were analyzed using ANOVA.

Total protein, total albumin and bilirubin concentration in the negative control group were not significantly different from the positive control group (p> 0.05), but the liver enzyme activity was significantly different (p <0.05). Hepatic enzyme activity in group II and bilirubin in group III showed a better decrease.

The results of this study show that the extract of Thymus vulgaris has protective effects against carbon damages caused by carbon tetrachloride.

Tay–Sachs is a rare autosomal recessive and neurological disease caused by the accumulation of glycosphingolipid within cell lysosomes. Ganglioside accumulation is caused by a mutation in the beta-hexosaminidase (HEXA) gene and this mutation is reduced by HEXA. The study was to determine and report two cases of TS in a family confirmed by measuring the activity of beta hexosaminidase-A.

The first case was a 3-year-old girl whose developmental growth was approximately normal until she was 9 months old, after which she developed recurrence and had symptoms of swallowing problems, abnormal eye movements, distraction, irritability and growth retardation. On examination of the patient's eye, bilateral reddish-gray spots were observed. In the evaluation of the patient's blood sample, a defect in the activity of beta hexosaminidase-A was reported and accordingly the diagnosis of Tay–Sachs was confirmed, hence the child died at the age of three. The second case was a 1-year-old boy whose development was normal until 6 months of age, after which his development and growth delayed and had apparent symptoms including distraction, irritability, respiratory problems, muscle weakness and lack of limb control, constipation, deafness, mental retardation and finally regression evolved. On examination of the patient's eye, bilateral reddish-gray stains were observed. In evaluation of blood samples, deficiency in the activity of beta-hexosaminidase-A was reported and accordingly the diagnosis of Tay–Sachs was confirmed.

 In children with developmental disabilities, who may develop symptoms of progressive weakness, loss of motor skills, increased motor responsiveness, irritability, blindness and hearing loss, seizures and persistent red cherry spots in the eye after a period of time. the diagnosis of Tay–Sachs should be considered.